Silver nanoparticle-modified graphite pencil electrode for sensitive electrochemical detection of chloride ions in pharmaceutical formulations

ABSTRACT. For the first time, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated with graphite pencil electrode (GPE) by immersing a bare hard black (HB pencil) in AgNO3 solution mixed extract Quercus infectoria solution, followed placing directly against to UV lamp (254 nm) and kept for 30 min. Silver modified-GPEs characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). The (AgNPs–GPE) showed excellent selectivity chloride ion, as well reproducibility, together it has several advantages such sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, green, fast response. maximum oxidation cyclic voltammogram current of AgNPs-PGE was found at 160 mV. linear range ions detection is between (0.8-52 mmol L-1), limit (LOD) 0.041 L−1. Finally, fabrication used determine ion concentration drugs, phenylephrine, metformin, procaine, dopamine formulated hydrochloride, satisfactory results obtained.
 
 KEY WORDS: Electrochemical sensor, Cyclic voltammetry, Pencil electrode, Chloride ion
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 491-503. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.17